A 32-year-old man who is addicted to opioids complains of pain in the PACU one hour after fixation of a mandibular fracture. He has received intravenous morphine 30 mg during the past hour. The most appropriate management is
(A) continued intravenous administration of morphine until the pain resolves
(B) intravenous administration of nalbuphine in 5-mg increments until the pain resolves
(C) intramuscular administration of hydroxyzine 75 mg
(D) evaluation for entrapment of the mandibular nerve
A 65-year-old man has a history of alcohol abuse. Which of the following preoperative serum concentrations would provide the best assessment of synthetic hepatic function?
A patient receiving propranolol and nifedipine is scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery. During induction with fentanyl and oxygen, heart rate decreases from 52 to 36 bpm and blood pressure decreases from 130/85 to 80/50 mmHg. Administration of atropine 2 mg intravenously has no effect. The most appropriate treatment at this time is administration of