In a patient with severe mitral stenosis, induction of anesthesia must include avoidance of increased
(A) airway pressure
(B) heart rate
(C) myocardial contractility
(D) right ventricular preload
(E) systemic vascular resistance
B
Anesthesia is induced with halothane in a 3-year-old girl. Sixty seconds after administration of succinylcholine 1 mg/kg intravenously, heart rate decreases rapidly from 120 to 60 bpm. The most likely cause is
(A) acute hyperkalemia
(B) failure to pretreat with a nondepolarizing relaxant
Which of the following statements concerning successful blockade of the femoral nerve is true?
(A) It requires that a paresthesia be elicited prior to injection
(B) It provides motor blockade below the knee
(C) It is accomplished with an injection medial to the femoral artery
(D) It permits surgery for entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
(E) It provides anesthesia to the anterior thigh
E
A 6-year-old boy undergoes craniotomy in the supine position for brain tumor during anesthesia with 1.5% isoflurane in oxygen. PetCO2 is 38 mmHg, heart rate is 78 bpm, and blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg. After opening the dura, the surgeon notes that the brain is bulging. Which of the following management options is LEAST likely to significantly decrease brain size?
A 72-year-old man has massive venous hemorrhage during a radical prostatectomy. Blood pressure decreases from 110/60 to 75/30 mmHg and central venous pressure decreases from 12 to 4 mmHg. End-expiratory carbon dioxide tension decreases from 34 to 24 mmHg during constant minute ventilation. The most appropriate next step should be to
(A) apply positive end-expiratory pressure to the breathing circuit
(B) attempt to aspirate air from the central venous catheter
(C) expand intravascular volume
(D) place the patient in the Trendelenburg position
(E) turn the patient to the left lateral decubitus position