Postoperatively a 70-kg patient has a serum sodium value of 130 mEq/L. To increase this value to 140 mEq/L would require the administration of how much sodium in mEq?
Which of the following statements concerning successful blockade of the femoral nerve is true?
(A) It requires that a paresthesia be elicited prior to injection
(B) It provides motor blockade below the knee
(C) It is accomplished with an injection medial to the femoral artery
(D) It permits surgery for entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
(E) It provides anesthesia to the anterior thigh
E
A 24-year-old man who sustained multiple rib fractures in a motor vehicle accident has air leaks through bilateral chest tubes. Which of the following is most likely following initiation of high-frequency jet ventilation?
(A) Airway pressure will be measured most reliably at the proximal (external) end of the endotracheal tube
(B) Atelectatic areas of the lungs will re-expand
(C) Changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension measured at the tip of the endotracheal tube will match changes in PaCOz
(D) Hypercarbia will develop
(E) The air leaks will be proportional to peak airway pressure
E
Which of the following statements concerning diazepam is true?
(A) Absorption is more predictable after intramuscular administration than after oral administration
(B) It produces a shift to the left of the carbon dioxide ventilatory response curve
(C) Rebound drowsiness is caused by a metabolite
(D) The degree of CNS depression is independent of serum albumin concentration
(E) The extent of amnesia is proportional to the degree of sedation
A healthy, spontaneously breathing, supine, anesthetized patient has a PaCO2 to PetCO2 difference of 3 mmHg. Following institution of mechanical ventilation the value increases to 12 mmHg. The most likely cause of this change is
(A) cephalad displacement of the diaphragm
(B) decreased production of carbon dioxide
(C) increased cardiac output
(D) increased shunting of blood through dependent lung zones
(E) increased ventilation of nondependent lung zones
A 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and hyperactive gag reflex requires awake intubation prior to cervical spine stabilization. Which of the following regional nerve blocks is most appropriate?
A 21-year-old athlete has laryngospasm following extubation after undergoing repair of an inguinal hernia during general anesthesia. Bag and mask ventilation relieves the patient's symptoms. In the PACU 15 minutes later, he has dyspnea; Sp02 is 85% at an Fl02 of .40. Which of the following is the most likely cause?