A 70-kg patient is anesthetized for a craniotomy in the sitting position. Minute ventilation through a circle system is 15 L/min; PetC02 is 65 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the increased PetC02?
(A) Inadequate flow of fresh gas
(B) Incompetent expiratory valve
(C) Intubation of the right mainstem bronchus
(D) Light anesthesia
(E) Venous air embolism
B
Preoperative evaluation shows a serum sodium concentration of 140 mEq/L, serum chloride concentration of 90 mEq/L, PaCO2 of 46 mmHg, and arterial pH of 7.50. These findings are most indicative of prior treatment with
In a patient with asthma, which of the following drugs used to treat supraventricular tachycardia is LEAST likely to induce bronchospasm?
(A) Adenosine
(B) Edrophonium
(C) Esmolol
(D) Propranolol
(E) Verapamil
E
A 20-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the operating room for irrigation and debridement of open fractures of the femur and humerus. Cyanosis, decreased breath sounds on the left, increased peak airway pressure, and hypotension are noted after intubation of the trachea. The most likely cause is
A 40-year-old woman receives alfentanil 75 mcg/kg followed by an infusion of 1.5 mcg/kg/min for a one-hour cholecystectomy and cholangiogram. This regimen could be associated with each of the following EXCEPT