A 27-month-old, 14-kg infant with intestinal obstruction is anesthetized with nitrous oxide at 1 L/min, oxygen at 0.4 L/min, and halothane at 0.8% using a Bain circuit. Ventilation is controlled at a rate of 30/min. The child's temperature is 39°C, and the PaCO2 is 65 mmHg. Which of the following is most likely?
During an operation with cardiopulmonary bypass using a bubble oxygenator, the risk for systemic gas embolization increases when
(A) a filter greater than 20 microns is used in the arterial infusion tubing
(B) gas flow to the oxygenator is decreased below 3 L/min
(C) the operation is a mitral valve replacement
(D) the blood level in the oxygenator reservoir exceeds 1 liter
(E) ventricular fibrillation occurs
C
An infant is delivered by forceps following labor in which variable decelerations were noted. Amniotic fluid was clear. Initial evaluation shows a cyanotic, limp infant with a heart rate of 80 bpm, poor respiratory efforts, and grimacing in response to suctioning. The most appropriate method of resuscitation for this newborn is
(A) vigorous tactile stimulation
(B) bag and mask ventilation with oxygen
(C) immediate endotracheal intubation
(D) administration of sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
(E) volume expansion with normal saline solution 10 mL/kg