10 Random Questions
Which of the following statements concerning functional residual capacity is true?
- (A) It decreases linearly during a three-hour anesthetic
- (B) It decreases in pregnancy primarily because of a decrease in the expiratory reserve volume
- (C) It increases in patients with a history of heavy smoking
- (D) It increases with pulmonary contusions
- (E) It is smaller (ml/kg) in children than in adults
A 24-year-old woman requires anesthesia for emergency repair of open fractures of the tibia and fibula. She used cocaine two hours ago. Blood pressure is 170/110 mmHg. Each of the following is useful in managing the hypertension EXCEPT
- (A) hydralazine
- (B) labetalol
- (C) nitroprusside
- (D) phentolamine
- (E) propranolol
Each of the following statements about muscle rigidity induced by opioids is true EXCEPT:
- (A) The degree of rigidity is related to the rate of opioid administration
- (B) It is more apparent during the administration of nitrous oxide
- (C) Muscles of the trunk are affected more than muscles of the extremities
- (D) It results from a direct effect of the opioid on skeletal muscles
- (E) It can be produced by large doses of morphine
The capnographic tracing is from a 2-month-old infant anesthetized using a pediatric circle system and mask at a fresh gas flow of 4 L/min. The sampling port is in the elbow connector. This tracing indicates
- (A) adequate alveolar ventilation
- (B) exhausted soda lime
- (C) expired halothane concentrations representative of alveolar concentrations
- (D) mixing of inspired and expired gases
- (E) the need to change to a Mapleson D circuit
You are called to a witnessed cardiac arrest where cardiopulmonary resuscitation is being performed. After successful intubation, arterial blood gas values are PaO2 86 mmHg, PaCO2 63 mmHg, and pH 7.25 at an FiO2 of 1.0. The most appropriate management at this time is to
- (A) repeat arterial blood gas analysis using a new specimen
- (B) administer sodium bicarbonate
- (C) administer fluid challenge with 500 ml of normal saline solution
- (D) hyperventilate the patient
- (E) add positive end-expiratory pressure
Thirty-six hours after primary repair of meningomyelocele, a term newborn has frequent periods of apnea lasting 25 seconds and associated with oxygen desaturation to 80%. The most likely explanation is
- (A) hyperglycemia
- (B) loss of cerebrospinal fluid
- (C) obstructive hydrocephalus
- (D) residual anesthetic effect
- (E) normal postoperative events
Brain stem auditory evoked potentials are most likely to be absent during which of the following?
- (A) Anesthesia with 1.5 MAC isoflurane
- (B) Barbiturate coma
- (C) Hypotension to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mmHg
- (D) Surgical retraction of the temporal lobe
- (E) Surgical traction on the pons
During recovery from halothane anesthesia, an alveolar concentration of 0.1% will have the greatest effect on
- (A) myocardial contractility
- (B) ventilatory response to hypercarbia
- (C) atrioventricular conduction
- (D) ventilatory response to hypoxia
- (E) neuromuscular transmission
The most common clinical viral infection following homologous blood transfusion is caused by
- (A) cytomegalovirus
- (B) Epstein-Barr virus
- (C) hepatitis B virus
- (D) human immunodeficiency virus
- (E) non-A, non-B hepatitis virus
Which of the following is the most sensitive indicator of impending renal failure following trauma?
- (A) Central venous pressure
- (B) Creatinine clearance
- (C) Fractional excretion of sodium
- (D) Hourly urine output
- (E) Urine osmolality