A 62-year-old woman with polycythemia vera is scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty using a tourniquet. Preoperative hematocrit is 60%. Which of the following is the most appropriate action?
(A) Perform total knee arthroplasty without use of a tourniquet
(B) Preoperative reduction of the hematocrit to 45% to 50%
(C) Prophylactic administration of aprotonin during surgery
(D) Prophylactic administration of epsilon-aminocaproic acid during surgery
(E) Prophylactic administration of low-dose heparin during surgery
B
During carotid endarterectomy, blood pressure suddenly decreases from 140/90 to 80/50 mmHg. The EKG shows a heart rate of 42 bpm, with normal sinus rhythm and occasional premature ventricular contractions. The most appropriate therapy is intravenous administration of
(A) atropine
(B) epinephrine
(C) isoproterenol
(D) lidocaine
(E) phenylephrine
A
Leakage current and microshock hazards are eliminated by