10 Random Questions
Which of the following statements best describes the decrease in functional residual capacity that accompanies the induction of general anesthesia?
- (A) It does not change compliance
- (B) It is greater with spontaneous ventilation than with controlled ventilation
- (C) It is independent of body position
- (D) It is not corrected by application of positive end-expiratory pressure
- (E) It occurs within the first 10 minutes of anesthesia
The adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve will resemble that of the fetus in the presence of
- (A) increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration
- (B) chronic anemia
- (C) hyperthermia
- (D) metabolic alkalemia
- (E) hyperkalemia
Which of the following statements concerning the volume of distribution of a drug is true?
- (A) It is equal to the sum of the volumes of the tissue spaces into which it diffuses
- (B) It is equal to the volume to which it is distributed outside the plasma volume
- (C) It is unaltered by the amount bound to red blood cells and plasma proteins
- (D) It depends on elimination from plasma
- (E) It relates the total amount of the drug in the body to the plasma concentration
Which of the following is characteristic of the airway in a 2-month-oId infant when compared with an adult airway?
- (A) Airway is narrowest at the cricoid cartilage
- (B) Epiglottis is broader
- (C) Laryngeal mucosa is more tightly adherent
- (D) Larynx is positioned lower in the neck
- (E) Vocal cords have a more cephalad anterior attachment
During laparotomy for a ruptured spleen, unexplained oozing occurs after infusion of 2 liters of crystalloid and 3 units of blood. The most likely cause is
- (A) citrate toxicity
- (B) dilutional thrombocytopenia
- (C) hemolytic transfusion reaction
- (D) labile clotting factor deficiency
- (E) leukoagglutinin reaction
The ECG tracing shows
- (A) aberrant intraventricular conduction
- (B) acceleration of phase 4 depolarization of the sinus node
- (C) a compensatory pause
- (D) initiation of re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia
- (E) paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
A 62-year-old man, who had a myocardial infarction three years ago, complicated by congestive heart failure and renal failure, is undergoing a colectomy. A pulmonary artery catheter demonstrates a cardiac output higher than measurements recorded during a cardiac catheterization two months after the infarction. Which of the following most likely contributes to the increased cardiac output?
- (A) Creation of an arteriovenous fistula
- (B) Increased hemoglobin concentration from 10 to 12 g/dL
- (C) Stimulation of carotid body receptors
- (D) Transcutaneous nitroglycerin
- (E) Use of a beta-adrenergic blocker to prevent myocardial reinfarction
Which surface area of the upper extremity is most likely to be unanesthetized by an interscalene brachial plexus block?
- (A) Hypothenar eminence
- (B) Thenar eminence
- (C) Dorsolateral surface of the hand
- (D) Lateral aspect of the forearm
- (E) Lateral surface of the upper arm
A patient receives an emergency transfusion of three units of O, Rh-negative blood for profuse hemorrhaging. If his blood type is AB, Rh-negative, which of the following is most appropriate for continuing transfusion?
- (A) AB, Rh-negative whole blood
- (B) B, Rh-negative whole blood
- (C) O, Rh-negative whole blood
- (D) A, Rh-negative erythrocytes
- (E) O, Rh-negative erythrocytes
Each of the following structures may participate in causing acute bradycardia during strabismus surgery EXCEPT the
- (A) globe
- (B) rectus muscles
- (C) optic nerve
- (D) trigeminal nerve
- (E) vagus nerve