Which of the following laboratory studies is most reliable in differentiating prerenal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis?
(A) Creatinine clearance
(B) Fractional excretion of sodium
(C) Urine/plasma urea ratio
(D) Urine sodium content
(E) Urine specific gravity
B
Diffuse microvascular bleeding is noted in a patient who has received 25 units of whole blood for a liver resection. Platelet count is 40,000/mm3, prothrombin time is 18 sec, activated partial thromboplastin time is 54 sec, and serum fibrinogen concentration is 60 mg/dl. The most likely cause of the bleeding is
A 19-year-old woman has severe nausea and vomiting following laparoscopy. After intramuscular administration of prochlorperazine 10 mg, she has muscle spasms in the face, neck, and tongue. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
A multi-orifices right heart catheter is being positioned by EKG control prior to sitting craniotomy. The EKG tracing is obtained between the distal tip of the catheter and the right arm lead. The most appropriate next step is to
Preoperative evaluation shows a serum sodium concentration of 140 mEq/L, serum chloride concentration of 90 mEq/L, PaCO2 of 46 mmHg, and arterial pH of 7.50. These findings are most indicative of prior treatment with