Following induction of general anesthesia, mask ventilation and the initial attempt at intubation is unsuccessful. Which of the following procedures is most appropriate?
Compared with the demand-flow intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) system, the continuous-flow IMV system has which of the following characteristics?
(A) It cannot be used with positive end-expiratory pressure
(B) It permits monitoring of exhaled tidal volume
(C) It decreases waste of medical gases
(D) It decreases the work of breathing
(E) It synchronizes mechanical and spontaneous breaths
D
In a patient with sickle cell anemia, which of the following is LEAST likely to trigger sickling?
(A) Hypothermia
(B) Increased systemic vascular resistance
(C) Low central venous pressure
(D) Low mixed venous P02
(E) Metabolic alkalosis
E
Addition of 20 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure to a patient receiving controlled mechanical ventilation decreases cardiac output and left ventricular function by
A 31-year-old man received an uneventful epidural anesthetic for arthroscopy of the knee and meniscectomy. Twenty-four hours later he still has painless flaccid paralysis in both legs. This clinical presentation is most consistent with
In an anesthetized patient being mechanically ventilated, end-expired carbon dioxide is 58 mmHg and peak inspiratory airway pressure is 15 cmH20. Ventilator settings indicate a delivered tidal volume of 800 ml, but the expiratory flowmeter shows a tidal volume of 360 ml. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this discrepancy?
(A) Fresh gas flow of 0.5 L/min
(B) Incompetence of the pressure-relief valve
(C) Low ventilatory rate
(D) Presence of a hole in the ventilator bellows
(E) Prolongation of the inspiratory phase
B
Cessation of smoking on the day prior to an operation is associated with a perioperative
(A) decrease in carbon monoxide in blood
(B) improvement in ciliary beating in the airways
(C) decrease in sputum volume
(D) decrease in the need for postoperative ventilatory support