10 Random Questions
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
- (A) does not reliably reflect left ventricular end-diastolic volume when left ventricular compliance is reduced
- (B) inaccurately reflects left atrial pressure when left atrial pressure exceeds 15 mmHg
- (C) is measured at end-inspiration in mechanically ventilated patients
- (D) overestimates left atrial pressure in patients with poor lung compliance
- (E) reflects left atrial pressure only if the catheter tip is located in zone II of the lung
During cardiopulmonary bypass at a nasopharyngeal temperature of 28°C and a hematocrit of 20%, temperature-corrected PaCO2 is 50 mmHg and uncorrected PaCO2 is 60 mmHg. The most appropriate management is to
- (A) administer additional opioid
- (B) administer packed red blood cells to increase hematocrit to 25%
- (C) further decrease the patient's temperature
- (D) increase fresh gas flow to the oxygenator
- (E) institute mechanical ventilation
During apneic oxygenation (FiO2 1.0) through a rigid bronchoscope
- (A) duration of the procedure is limited by the increase in PaCO2
- (B) functional residual capacity decreases 5%/min
- (C) PaO2 remains unchanged for the first 5 minutes
- (D) PaCO2 increases 2 to 6 mmHg/min for 15 minutes and then reaches a plateau
- (E) PaO2 and PaCO2 equilibrate with mixed venous gases at the same rate
Which of the following is the most common cause of peroneal nerve damage?
- (A) Crossed legs in the supine position
- (B) Lateral decubitus position
- (C) Prone position
- (D) Reverse Trendelenburg position
- (E) Improper placement of a pelvic retractor
A 62-year-old man is in the intensive care unit after successful craniotomy for excision of a meningioma. Blood volume is normal; laboratory studies show serum sodium concentration of 120 mEq/L, serum osmolality of 260 mOsm/L, urine sodium concentration of 50 mEq/L, and urine osmolality of 820 mOsm/L. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
- (A) Fluid overload with 5% dextrose in water
- (B) Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
- (C) Increased free water clearance
- (D) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- (E) Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
Compared with the response of a normal patient, administration of a bolus dose of pancuronium (0.15 mg/kg) to a patient with cirrhosis and ascites would be associated with
- (A) longer duration
- (B) more rapid onset
- (C) more intense block
- (D) more difficult reversibility
- (E) similar pharmacokinetics
Which of the following is most responsible for the duration of action of local anesthetics?
- (A) Concentration
- (B) Metabolism
- (C) Molecular weight
- (D) Tissue protein binding
- (E) Volume injected
Each of the following statements concerning norepinephrine is true EXCEPT:
- (A) Extraneuronal uptake is important in the termination of its activity
- (B) It is formed from dopamine
- (C) Its release is facilitated by ephedrine
- (D) Its uptake is affected by cocaine
- (E) It has minimal beta2-adrenergic activity
Which of the following is a characteristic of VVI pacemakers?
- (A) They are inhibited by the R wave
- (B) They are triggered by the P wave
- (C) They are more likely to precipitate ventricular fibrillation than fixed-rate pacemakers
- (D) They are unaffected by unipolar electrocautery
- (E) They sense both atrial and ventricular depolarization
The EKG rhythm shown developed during cholecystectomy in a 62-year-old man who had a myocardial infarction and is taking atenolol. The drug of choice for treating this arrhythmia is
- (A) atropine
- (B) bretylium
- (C) isoproterenol
- (D) lidocaine
- (E) procainamide