A previously healthy 28-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with a probable opioid overdose. Arterial blood gas values are: PaO2 49 mmHg, PaCO2 76 mmHg, and pH 7.12 while breathing room air. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Aspiration of gastric contents must have occurred
(B) Hypoventilation alone can explain the acidosis and hypoxemia
(C) The hypoxemia is probably due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
(D) Naloxone should be administered only if the patient is normothermic
A 60-kg, 17-year-old girl with severe idiopathic scoliosis is scheduled for Harrington rod fixation. Which of the following respiratory parameters is compatible with this disorder?
(A) Alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2) less than 100 mmHg while breathing pure oxygen
Each of the following is associated with an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference EXCEPT
(A) advanced age
(B) atelectasis
(C) decreased cardiac output
(D) decreased Fl02
(E) right-to-left intracardiac shunt
D
Which of the following time concentration curves would be expected in arterial blood following intravenous injection of indocyanine green dye in a 3-year-old child with a small ventricular septal defect?
Compared with labetalol for induction of hypotension, nitroprusside is associated with
(A) greater cerebral vasodilation
(B) greater dependence on hepatic metabolism
(C) less activation of the renin-angiotensin system
(D) less intrapulmonary shunt
(E) less venodilation
A
The mortality rate of patients given drug A is 12% (8 of 66) and the mortality rate of patients given drug B is 15% (10 of 66). Which of the following tests is most appropriate to compare these mortality rates?
Following completion of an ankle block, the patient reports intact sensation on the tips of the toes. Which of the following nerves was blocked inadequately?