An infant with congenital lobar emphysema is scheduled for thoracotomy. Which of the following should be included in the anesthetic management of this infant?
(A) Helium-oxygen inspired gas mixture
(B) Nitrous oxide administration
(C) Positive pressure ventilation
(D) Prophylactic placement of a chest tube
(E) Spontaneous ventilation until the chest is opened
A 35-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus is admitted to the critical care unit following sudden onset of severe chest pain. Examination shows tachycardia, hypotension, pulmonary edema, and a blowing systolic murmur in the left parasternal region. The most appropriate management is
(A) aerosol administration of terbutaline
(B) intravenous infusion of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin
(C) intravenous infusion of esmolol
(D) intravenous infusion of epinephrine and nitroprusside
(E) volume loading with lactated Ringer's solution
Which of the following statements concerning successful blockade of the femoral nerve is true?
(A) It requires that a paresthesia be elicited prior to injection
(B) It provides motor blockade below the knee
(C) It is accomplished with an injection medial to the femoral artery
(D) It permits surgery for entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
(E) It provides anesthesia to the anterior thigh
E
A 40-year-old woman has continuous nondermatomal burning pain of the distal foot four weeks after sustaining a metatarsal fracture. On examination, the foot is mildly swollen, tender, and cool. Which of the following statements concerning this condition is true?
(A) A radiograph of the distal bones of the painful foot will show severe osteoporosis
(B) A technetium scan of the distal joints of the painful foot will show decreased uptake
(C) Early use of opioid analgesia will prevent progression of the symptoms
(D) Intravenous phentolamine will relieve the pain
(E) The chance of spontaneous recovery within eight weeks is greater than 80%
A healthy, 18-year-old, 65-kg woman undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy is being monitored with a properly functioning and calibrated capnograph. The end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration is 6%, and the inspired carbon dioxide concentration is 1%. This may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT
(A) malfunction of the expiratory valve in a circle system
(B) low gas inflow with a Bain circuit
(C) exhausted soda lime within a circle system
(D) absorption of carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide laparoscopy
A 37-year-old woman with pregnancy-induced hypertension develops oliguria two hours after cesarean delivery during epidural .anesthesia. Despite infusion of 2000 mL of crystalloid solution, urine output remains 10 mL/hr. Which of the following laboratory findings is most suggestive of acute tubular necrosis?
(A) Blood urea nitrogen level of 30 mg/dL
(B) Serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL
(C) Urinary/plasma osmolality of 1:1
(D) Urinary sodium level of 10 mEq/L
(E) Urinary specific gravity of 1.024
C
If minute ventilation remains constant, which of the following changes in PetCO2 and PaCO2 will result from a decrease in cardiac output? (PetCO2, PaCO2)