10 Random Questions
The tracing indicates that the pacemaker generator is
- (A) malfunctioning
- (B) VVT sensing and capturing normally
- (C) VOO sensing and capturing normally
- (D) DVI sensing and capturing normally
- (E) VVI sensing and capturing normally
A 70-kg 22-year-old patient with head trauma and multiple fractures of the long bones is scheduled for fixation of bilateral femoral fractures. Preoperative laboratory studies show a serum sodium concentration of 150 mEq/L, a serum potassium concentration of 3.1 mEq/L, and a urine output greater than 500 ml/hr. Which of the following agents will decrease urine output?
- (A) 3% Saline solution
- (B) 5% Dextrose solution
- (C) Glucagon
- (D) Hydrocortisone
- (E) Vasopressin
Following pneumonectomy, a paralyzed patient being mechanically ventilated has the following arterial blood gas values: PaO2 71 mmHg, PaCO2 55 mmHg, pH 7.29. SvO2 is 45%. The most likely explanation for this SvO2 is
- (A) decreased red cell mass
- (B) high cardiac output
- (C) hypothermia
- (D) peripheral left-to-right arteriovenous shunt
- (E) ventilation / perfusion mismatch
Addition of 20 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure to a patient receiving controlled mechanical ventilation decreases cardiac output and left ventricular function by
- (A) increasing right ventricular preload
- (B) increasing right ventricular afterload
- (C) increasing left ventricular preload
- (D) increasing left ventricular afterload
- (E) producing myocardial ischemia
A patient is undergoing exploration of a stab wound to the left side of the neck. On awake laryngoscopy, the left vocal cord is in midposition and the right vocal cord is abducted during inspiration. The most likely cause of these findings is trauma to which of the following structures on the left?
- (A) C7-8 nerve root
- (B) Stellate ganglion
- (C) Glossopharyngeal nerve
- (D) Superior laryngeal nerve
- (E) Vagus nerve
Optimal ventilation of a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia should consist of
- (A) PaCO2 30 mmHg, low tidal volumes
- (B) PaCO2 30 mmHg, high tidal volumes
- (C) PaCO2 40 mmHg, low tidal volumes
- (D) PaCO2 40 mmHg, high tidal volumes
- (E) PaCO2 45 mmHg, low tidal volumes
In patients with renal failure, which of the following muscle relaxants has the most prolonged elimination half-life?
- (A) Atracurium
- (B) Pancuronium
- (C) Succinylcholine
- (D) d-Tubocurarine
- (E) Vecuronium
Which of the following is an effect of hypothermia in neonates?
- (A) Decreased duration of neuromuscular blockade
- (B) Increased narcotic requirements
- (C) Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
- (D) Metabolic alkalosis
- (E) Shivering
A 26-year-old woman comes to a pain clinic because of pain, swelling and limitation of motion in the right knee for six months following a blow to the knee. Findings on knee arthroscopy and leg roentgenograms are normal. The best trial of therapy is
- (A) right paravertebral lumbar sympathetic nerve block
- (B) epidural administration of a steroid
- (C) intrathecal administration of an opioid
- (D) tricyclic antidepressants for one month
- (E) a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for five days
In a normally functioning circle anesthesia system, if the length of the inspiratory and expiratory hose is doubled, the mechanical dead space will be
- (A) halved
- (B) unchanged
- (C) doubled
- (D) quadrupled
- (E) dependent on compression volume