After the first 70 minutes of a transurethral resection of the prostate, a 70-year-old man becomes confused and has tachycardia, hypertension, and shortness of breath. Serum sodium concentration is 116 mEq/L. After informing the surgeon that the procedure should be terminated as soon as possible, the most appropriate next step would be to
(A) administer furosemide
(B) administer labetalol
(C) administer 3% sodium chloride
(D) change the irrigating solution to normal saline
During open reduction of a tibial fracture, a tourniquet cuff is applied around the proximal thigh and inflated to 300 mmHg. Which of the following is most likely to prevent pain and hypertension caused by the tourniquet?
(A) Intravenous administration of fentanyl during subarachnoid block
A 64-year-old man with a large pancreatic tumor has severe abdominal pain that radiates to the low back. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
(A) Bilateral LI rhizotomy
(B) Dorsal column stimulation
(C) Hypogastric plexus block
(D) Neurolytic celiac plexus block
(E) Patient-controlled analgesia
D
Which of the following is the correct sequence of anatomic structures encountered when using a paramedian approach for lumbar spinal anesthesia?
(A) Ligamentum flavum — dura mater — arachnoid mater
(B) Interspinous ligament — ligamentum flavum — dura mater — arachnoid mater
(C) Posterior longitudinal ligament — ligamentum flavum — dura mater — arachnoid mater
(D) Anterior longitudinal ligament — ligamentum flavum — dura mater — arachnoid mater
(E) Ligamentum flavum — dura mater — pia mater — arachnoid mater
If minute ventilation remains constant, which of the following changes in PetCO2 and PaCO2 will result from a decrease in cardiac output? (PetCO2, PaCO2)
A 70-kg 61-year-old patient undergoes a four-hour resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm during anesthesia with fentanyl and enflurane. Infrarenal clamping is required during the procedure. Twelve hours after the procedure, urine output is 15 ml/hr with a fractional sodium excretion of 6%. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
Six hours after coronary artery bypass grafting, a pulmonary artery catheter oximeter shows a mixed venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation of 50%. This value may result from each of the following EXCEPT