Which of the following is characteristic of low back pain associated with myofascial pain syndrome but not of pain associated with a herniated lumbar disk?
(A) Loss of reflexes in the lower extremities
(B) Pain along the distribution of nerve roots
(C) Responsiveness to epidural corticosteroids
(D) Sensitivity to injection at trigger points
(E) Trophic alteration in the sympathetic nervous system
(A) a shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
(B) a decrease in carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma
(C) a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate
(D) an increase in MAC of volatile inhalation agents
(E) low-voltage, high-frequency EEG pattern
C
A newborn is in respiratory distress. Examination shows a scaphoid abdomen, cyanosis while breathing oxygen by mask, and heart sounds in the right hemithorax. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
(A) Assisted ventilation with a bag and face mask
(B) Insertion of a chest tube on the left side
(C) Insertion of a nasogastric tube
(D) Tracheal intubation and assisted ventilation
(E) Tracheal intubation and expansion of the left lung
An 18-month-old child with tetralogy of Fallot is anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. Following intubation, oxygen saturation decreases abruptly from 85% to 45%. The most effective treatment is
Arterial pressure in the radial artery is 155/70 mmHg measured by a correctly calibrated catheter-transducer system. At the same time aortic pressure is 140/75 mmHg using a high-fidelity catheter tip transducer. The most likely cause of this discrepancy is
(A) a large amount of air in the dome of the radial artery transducer
(B) coarctation of the aorta
(C) peripheral vascular constriction produced by sympathetic stimulation
(D) physiologic amplification of the wave form from the aorta to the radial artery
(E) too high a frequency response in the catheter-transducer system
Compared with a patient who is breathing spontaneously, a patient in the supine position receiving controlled positive-pressure ventilation will most likely have which of the following findings?
Which of the following inhalational anesthetics best relieves left ventricular outflow obstruction in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (IHSS)?
(A) Desflurane
(B) Halothane
(C) Isoflurane
(D) Nitrous oxide
(E) Sevoflurane
B
A newly developed inhalational anesthetic has a blood-gas partition coefficient of 0.2. Which of the following statements best describes this drug compared with isoflurane?
(A) MAC is lower
(B) The difference between Fa and Fl during maintenance of anesthesia is greater
(C) Time to emergence is shorter
(D) Rapid induction requires greater overpressure
(E) Equilibrium in a circle system with the same flow of fresh gas is slower